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Me Too Kids! - the
Head Start of the Building Industry
Vocabulary -
Engineering and Architecture
Occupations
- Architect:
a person who decides the size, shape, and appearance i.e. look of a
building, and also lays out the rooms inside the building.
- Structural
Engineer: a person
who designs the framework of the building, so that it stands up.
- Electrical
Engineer: a person
who designs the wiring for the building, so that every room has
electrical power for things like lights and motors.
- Mechanical
Engineer: a person
who designs the plumbing, heating and cooling systems for a
building, so that people are comfortable.
- Civil
Engineer: a person
who designs roads, water projects and other public works
- Draftsperson:
a person who draws the designs made by the architect or engineer
A Manual
Draftsperson - one who draws on paper
A CADD Draftsperson - one who draws on
a computer
- Contractor:
a person who builds the building or other construction project
Trade Contractors are
supervised by a General Contractor
Parts of a Building
- Facade:
the outside walls and windows such as brick, glass, and stone
- Foundation:
the part that is underground that the building sits on - usually
concrete
- Framework:
the skeleton of the building that makes it stand up
- Column:
Vertical member that holds up the floor
- Beam:
Horizontal member that holds up the floor
- Girder:
a big beam
- Ducts or
ductwork: the big
metal pipes that supply air conditioning to the rooms
Materials
- Concrete:
a mixture of cement, sand, gravel (aggregate) and water
- Steel:
Made from iron, carbon and other ingredients
- Brick:
made from clay that has been baked in huge ovens
- Stone:
Natural material formed many thousands of years ago
- Wood:
Natural material from trees which take many years to grow
- Glass:
Made from silica (sand or quartz) and other ingredients
DRAWING (THE
LANGUAGE OF CONSTRUCTION):
- Drawing:
made by engineers and architects and trades people, and used by the
contractors to build the building. Also called "plans" ;
usually on big pieces of special paper that can be copied so that many
drawings of the same image can be made
- Drafting:
the art of making the drawing using either drafting tools or a
computer. The draftsperson needs the tools to make lines straight, at
angles to each other, or curved. This is the language that all
builders use to talk to each other.
- Plan:
on a drawing, it is the top view of the building (as if you are in an
airplane looking down)
- Elevation:
on a drawing, it is a side (vertical or upright) view of the building
( as if you are standing in front of it looking forward)
- Cross-section:
on a drawing, it is a view after "slicing through or away"
the rest of the building (like cutting an orange in half)
- Blueprint:
a copy of an original drawing ( not always blue)
Drafting Tools
- Drafting
Board: a table used
for making drawings on paper
- T-Square:
used to draw parallel lines.
- Triangle:
used to draw lines perpendicular to the T-Square
- Protractor:
used to measure angles
- Scale:
used to measure distances and to draw something bigger or smaller, but
in proportion
- Template:
a stencil ( a flat piece of material - plastic usually ) with shapes
punched out of it. These shapes are used a lot when drawing a building
(circles, triangles, furniture, etc.)
- CADD:
"Computer Aided Drafting and Design"
- Mouse:
Electronic pointing device
- Tablet:
Super sophisticated mouse
- Plotter:
Machine that prints drawings made on the computer onto paper
Forces
- Tension:
a force that pulls
- Compression:
a force that pushes
- Shear:
a force that slices
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